Author: gestione

Beneish M-Score, Altman Z and Piotroski F-Score read the financial statements to anticipate trouble. What they really say, and why one indicator alone is not enough.

The core (60-80%) captures market returns; satellites (20-40%) your convictions, with strict limits. A real case: construction matters more than selection.

Twenty ETFs track the same index but aren't identical: TER, tracking difference, size, replication, domicile and tax. How to spot the right one.

Sector rotation is the movement of money between stock market sectors through the economic cycle. How to read it with relative strength and the RRG, and why sector timing is harder than it looks.

Fair value is a stock's worth estimated from its fundamentals, not its market price. It's not one number but a range with a degree of uncertainty: how to read it and tell when a stock is expensive.

Implied and historical volatility compared: what they measure, why they diverge before earnings, and how to read what the options market truly prices in.

What a dollar-cost averaging (DCA) plan is and why investing consistently beats market timing: how DCA works, the time effect and what the data shows — no promises.

What UCITS ETFs are, how they work and why they are the European standard: rules, real costs and how to choose among thousands of near-identical funds.